2.Results The effect of postoperative symptoms and signs disappeared in patients with myelopathic type cervical intervertebral disc herniation was significantly bet...
3.Conclusion.We have reported for the first time, that an alkaptonuria patient showed thoracic myelopathy caused by rupture of a thoracic intervertebral disc.
4.Method The lumbar intervertebral discs of 150 patients with backleg pain were scanned by MRI, and the changes of appearance and signal in lumbar intervertebral discs were observed.
4.In addition to the intervertebral discs, each vertebra has joints called facet joints with the vertebra above and the vertebra below, one on each side.
5.And poor posture, traumas, physical activity, and strong rotational movement can cause herniations where the intervertebral disc bulges out and compress the nerves or spinal cord.
6.For example, c-Jun is required for joint cell specification and intervertebral disc formation, while Fra2 regulates cartilage development and chondrocyte differentiation.
7.Each cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebra is separated by an intervertebral disc, which allows for a slight movement of the vertebrae, and act as a shock absorber.
8.It's formed by the spinal nerves L4, L5 and S1, 2 and 3, which leave the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramen, an opening located between the vertebrae and behind intervertebral discs.
9.Between each of the vertebral bodies is an intervertebral disc which is made of type I and type II collagen and has two parts, the annulus fibrosis, an outer fibrous ring, and the nucleus pulposus, an inner jelly-like substance.
10.It can be congenital, meaning that the person is born with it, or acquired, usually due to degenerative disorders like ankylosing spondylitis, where the bones remodel causing intervertebral discs ossification, and the narrowing of the spinal canal.